Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus FAQ
What causes Type 2 Diabetes?
It develops from a combination of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, often linked to obesity, genetics, and physical inactivity.
Is Type 2 Diabetes preventable?
Yes, through maintaining a healthy weight, regular physical activity, and a balanced diet, which can significantly reduce risk.
What are common symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes?
Increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow wound healing are typical signs, though some may experience no symptoms.
How is Type 2 Diabetes diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves blood tests, including Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), or HbA1c, per Malaysian clinical guidelines.
Can Type 2 Diabetes be reversed?
In some cases, early intervention with significant lifestyle changes can lead to remission, though it's not a guarantee for all individuals.
What role does diet play in managing Type 2 Diabetes?
A balanced, carbohydrate-controlled diet helps regulate blood sugar levels and is crucial for effective diabetes management.
Are medications always necessary for Type 2 Diabetes?
Not always; initial management may focus on lifestyle modifications, with medications introduced if targets are not met.
How often should blood sugar levels be checked?
Frequency varies by individual and treatment plan, but regular monitoring (e.g., daily for those on insulin) is key to adjusting therapy.
What are the risks of unmanaged Type 2 Diabetes?
Long-term complications include heart disease, kidney damage, nerve problems, and vision impairment if blood sugar levels remain uncontrolled.
Can stress affect Type 2 Diabetes management?
Yes, stress can raise blood sugar levels due to the release of stress hormones like cortisol, impacting diabetes control.
Is weight loss beneficial for Type 2 Diabetes?
Even modest weight loss (5-10% of body weight) can improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control.
How does exercise help in managing Type 2 Diabetes?
Regular physical activity lowers blood glucose levels, improves insulin sensitivity, and contributes to overall health.
Are there specific vaccinations recommended for people with Type 2 Diabetes?
Yes, annual flu shots and pneumococcal vaccines are advised to prevent infections that can complicate diabetes.
Can Type 2 Diabetes affect mental health?
The condition and its management can increase the risk of depression and anxiety, emphasizing the need for holistic care.
What is the role of a diabetes educator in Malaysia?
They provide personalized guidance on diabetes self-management, including medication use, diet, and monitoring techniques.
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