Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by excessive loss of protein in urine, leading to swelling, fatigue, and potential complications. It results from damaged kidney filters (glomeruli), often due to conditions like minimal change disease or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Nephrotic Syndrome FAQ


What causes Nephrotic Syndrome?

It's often caused by damage to kidney filters (glomeruli), leading to excessive protein loss in urine.

What are common symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome?

Swelling (edema), particularly in legs and feet, fatigue, and foamy urine due to proteinuria.

How is Nephrotic Syndrome diagnosed?

Through urine tests (urinalysis), blood tests, and kidney biopsy to identify underlying causes.

What is the primary treatment for Nephrotic Syndrome in Malaysia?

Corticosteroids like prednisolone are commonly used to reduce protein leakage and inflammation.

Are immunosuppressants used for Nephrotic Syndrome treatment?

Yes, drugs like cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil may be prescribed for steroid-resistant cases.

Can Nephrotic Syndrome be cured?

Some cases, like minimal change disease, may achieve remission with treatment, while others require long-term management.

How does diet affect Nephrotic Syndrome management?

A low-salt, high-protein diet may help reduce swelling and support kidney function.

Is fluid intake restricted for individuals with Nephrotic Syndrome?

Moderate fluid restriction may be advised to alleviate swelling and manage blood pressure.

What role do ACE inhibitors play in treatment?

They help reduce proteinuria and protect kidney function by lowering blood pressure.

Can Nephrotic Syndrome lead to kidney failure?

Untreated or severe cases may progress to chronic kidney disease or kidney failure over time.

Biopsy is typically performed to diagnose the underlying cause, especially in steroid-resistant cases.

Are vaccinations important for individuals with Nephrotic Syndrome?

Yes, vaccinations (e.g., pneumococcal, flu) are crucial due to increased infection risk from immunosuppression.

Can children develop Nephrotic Syndrome?

Yes, it's a common kidney disorder in children, often due to minimal change disease.

What is the outlook for Nephrotic Syndrome with proper treatment?

Many individuals experience symptom relief and improved kidney function with timely, appropriate therapy.

Is regular follow-up necessary for Nephrotic Syndrome?

Yes, regular monitoring of kidney function, proteinuria, and medication adjustment is essential.

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