Urinary tract stones, commonly known as kidney stones, are hard mineral deposits that form inside the kidneys when urine contains high levels of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, or other substances. They can cause severe pain, nausea, and blood in urine.

Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones) and Ureterolithiasis (Ureter Stones) FAQ


What causes urinary tract stones?

Urine with high concentrations of minerals (e.g., calcium, oxalate) and low liquid intake increases stone formation risk.

How do I know if I have a kidney stone?

Severe flank/back pain, nausea, vomiting, frequent urination, and blood in urine are common symptoms.

Can kidney stones be prevented?

Yes, by drinking plenty of water, reducing sodium intake, and limiting foods high in oxalate (e.g., spinach, nuts).

What medications help with stone pain?

Pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, and sometimes alpha-blockers (e.g., tamsulosin) to aid passage.

Will I need surgery for a kidney stone?

Not always; smaller stones may pass naturally with pain management. Surgery is typically for large stones or complications.

How long does it take to pass a kidney stone?

It can take 1-3 weeks for a stone to pass, depending on its size and location.

Can dietary changes help prevent recurrence?

Yes, increasing fluid intake and modifying diet based on stone composition (e.g., reducing animal protein for uric acid stones).

Are kidney stones more common in Malaysia?

Hot and humid climates like Malaysia's may increase dehydration risk, potentially raising stone formation chances.

What are the types of urinary tract stones?

Main types include calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite (infection-related), and cystine stones.

How are kidney stones diagnosed?

Through imaging tests (e.g., CT scans, X-rays), urine analysis, and sometimes blood tests.

Can medications dissolve existing stones?

Some medications can help dissolve certain stone types (e.g., potassium citrate for uric acid stones), but not all.

What happens if a stone doesn’t pass?

It may require medical procedures like shockwave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, or percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Do I need to see a specialist for kidney stones?

For recurrent stones, large stones, or underlying conditions, consulting a urologist is recommended.

Can lifestyle changes reduce stone risk?

Maintaining hydration, managing weight, and avoiding excessive salt and protein can help.

Are there any herbal remedies for kidney stones?

While some herbs may help (e.g., chanca piedra), evidence is limited, and they should not replace medical treatment.

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