Toxoplasmosis, Prophylaxis FAQ
What is toxoplasmosis prophylaxis?
Preventive measures against Toxoplasma gondii infection, crucial for immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women.
Who needs toxoplasmosis prophylaxis?
Primarily immunocompromised patients (e.g., HIV/AIDS) and pregnant women to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis.
How is Toxoplasma gondii transmitted?
Through ingestion of contaminated food/water, undercooked meat, or contact with cat feces.
Is toxoplasmosis prophylaxis 100% effective?
No, it significantly reduces risk but doesn't guarantee complete prevention.
What medications are used for prophylaxis?
Commonly Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole, Pyrimethamine, or Clindamycin, depending on the patient's condition.
Can prophylaxis cause side effects?
Yes, potential side effects include allergic reactions, bone marrow suppression, or gastrointestinal issues.
How long does prophylaxis last?
Duration varies based on individual risk factors and immune status; typically ongoing for immunocompromised patients.
Is prophylaxis recommended for all pregnant women?
No, only for those with confirmed exposure or in high-risk settings, as per medical guidelines.
Can toxoplasmosis be transmitted from human to human?
Generally not, except from mother to fetus during pregnancy.
What are non-medication prophylaxis strategies?
Avoid undercooked meat, unpasteurized dairy, and cat litter box cleaning; practice good hygiene.
Is routine screening recommended in Malaysia?
Not universally; targeted screening for high-risk groups may be advised by healthcare providers.
How is toxoplasmosis diagnosed?
Through blood tests detecting antibodies (IgG/IgM) and sometimes PCR for parasitic DNA.
Can prophylaxis be started after exposure?
Yes, if recent exposure is confirmed, prompt treatment can prevent disease onset.
Are there vaccine options for toxoplasmosis?
Currently, no approved vaccine for human use; prevention relies on behavioral and medical measures.
What is the primary goal of prophylaxis?
To prevent Toxoplasma gondii infection and its complications in vulnerable populations.
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