Bacillus anthracis Infection FAQ
What causes anthrax?
Anthrax is caused by the Bacillus anthracis bacteria, commonly found in soil and animal products.
How is anthrax transmitted?
Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected animals, contaminated animal products, or spores in the environment.
What are the symptoms of anthrax?
Symptoms vary by form: skin lesions (cutaneous), gastrointestinal issues, or severe respiratory distress (inhalation).
Is anthrax contagious between humans?
No, human-to-human transmission is extremely rare and not considered a significant risk.
How is anthrax diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves laboratory tests, including skin or tissue samples, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.
What is the treatment for anthrax?
Antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, or penicillin are used, along with supportive care for severe cases.
Can anthrax be prevented?
Yes, through vaccination (for high-risk individuals), avoiding contact with infected animals, and proper handling of animal products.
Who is at high risk for anthrax?
Veterinarians, farmers, and individuals handling animal products in endemic areas are at higher risk.
What is the anthrax vaccine?
The vaccine contains inactivated anthrax components and is recommended for high-risk professions.
How long does anthrax treatment last?
Typically 60 days to ensure all spores are eliminated, even if symptoms resolve earlier.
Can anthrax affect the lungs?
Yes, inhalation anthrax can lead to severe respiratory symptoms and requires immediate medical attention.
How common is anthrax in Malaysia?
Anthrax is rare in Malaysia, with sporadic cases reported, primarily in animals.
What are the complications of untreated anthrax?
Untreated anthrax can lead to shock, organ failure, and death, especially in inhalation cases.
Can pets contract anthrax?
Yes, pets can contract anthrax, especially if they come into contact with infected animals or contaminated soil.
How to handle anthrax exposure?
Seek immediate medical attention for post-exposure prophylaxis (antibiotics) to prevent infection.
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