Status Epilepticus FAQ
What is status epilepticus?
A condition with continuous or repeated seizures without full consciousness recovery, requiring immediate medical attention.
What causes status epilepticus?
Common causes include epilepsy, head trauma, infections, stroke, or anticonvulsant medication non-adherence.
What are the symptoms of status epilepticus?
Prolonged seizures (over 5 minutes), convulsions, loss of consciousness, and impaired breathing.
Is status epilepticus a medical emergency?
Yes, due to the risk of brain damage, respiratory failure, or death without prompt treatment.
How is status epilepticus diagnosed?
Clinical evaluation, medical history, and sometimes EEG (electroencephalogram) confirmation.
What medications treat status epilepticus?
Benzodiazepines (e.g., lorazepam), anticonvulsants (e.g., phenytoin), and anesthetics in refractory cases.
Can status epilepticus be prevented?
Managing underlying epilepsy, adhering to medication, and avoiding triggers may reduce risk.
What happens if status epilepticus is untreated?
Neurological damage, cardiac arrest, or death due to prolonged seizure activity.
How long do seizures last in status epilepticus?
By definition, seizures persist for more than 5 minutes or recur without full recovery.
Are there different types of status epilepticus?
Yes, including convulsive and non-convulsive (e.g., absence status epilepticus).
Is surgery an option for status epilepticus?
Rarely, for refractory cases with identifiable focal lesions.
What is the first-line treatment for status epilepticus?
Immediate administration of intravenous benzodiazepines, typically lorazepam or diazepam.
Can status epilepticus occur without a prior epilepsy diagnosis?
Yes, due to acute causes like stroke, trauma, or metabolic disturbances.
What is the prognosis for status epilepticus?
Varies; timely treatment improves outcomes, but delay increases mortality and morbidity risk.
How can family members assist during a status epilepticus episode?
Ensure safety, time the seizure, and seek immediate emergency medical help.
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