Renal failure, or kidney failure, occurs when kidneys lose the ability to filter waste, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the blood. This can be acute (sudden) or chronic (gradual), potentially leading to life-threatening complications if untreated.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) or Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) FAQ


What are the main causes of renal failure?

Diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and acute kidney injuries from sepsis or dehydration.

Is renal failure reversible?

Acute kidney injury may be reversible with prompt treatment; chronic kidney disease is often progressive.

What are common symptoms of kidney failure?

Fatigue, swelling (edema), frequent urination, and changes in urination patterns.

How is renal failure diagnosed?

Through blood tests (eGFR), urine tests, and imaging studies like ultrasounds.

What is the role of diet in managing renal failure?

Reducing protein, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus intake as per a renal dietitian's guidance.

Can renal failure be managed without dialysis?

Early stages may be managed with medication and lifestyle changes; advanced stages often require dialysis.

What medications are used to treat anemia in kidney disease?

Erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) like EPO and iron supplements.

How often is dialysis needed for renal failure patients?

Typically 3 times a week for hemodialysis or daily for peritoneal dialysis, depending on the type and severity.

Is a kidney transplant a cure for renal failure?

A successful transplant can restore kidney function, but immunosuppressants are required for life.

Yes, through tight blood sugar and blood pressure control, along with regular kidney function monitoring.

What is the life expectancy with end-stage renal disease?

Varies widely depending on overall health, treatment adherence, and presence of comorbidities.

How does renal failure affect mental health?

It can lead to depression, anxiety, and cognitive changes due to toxin buildup and lifestyle adjustments.

Are there alternative therapies for renal failure?

No proven alternatives; evidence-based treatments like dialysis and transplants are recommended.

Can renal failure patients travel?

Yes, with careful planning for dialysis sessions, medication management, and emergency contacts.

What financial assistance is available for renal failure treatment in Malaysia?

Public healthcare coverage, NGOs, and some private insurance plans offer support for dialysis and transplants.

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