Nonoccupational Exposure to HIV, HBV, or HCV FAQ
What is nonoccupational exposure?
Nonoccupational exposure is accidental contact with blood or bodily fluids outside work, risking HIV, HBV, or HCV transmission.
How does nonoccupational exposure occur?
Through needlesticks, sexual contact, sharing razors/toothbrushes, or unsterilized tattoos/piercings.
What should I do after potential exposure?
Seek immediate medical attention for assessment and potential post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
How effective is PEP for HIV prevention?
PEP reduces HIV risk by over 80% if administered within 72 hours of exposure.
Is PEP available in Malaysia?
Yes, PEP is accessible in Malaysia, particularly in hospitals and certain clinics.
Can nonoccupational exposure lead to hepatitis?
Yes, exposure to HBV or HCV can cause acute or chronic hepatitis.
What vaccinations prevent HBV after exposure?
Hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG administered promptly can prevent infection.
Are HCV treatments available in Malaysia?
Yes, direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are used to treat HCV, often covered by national healthcare programs.
How long should I wait to test for HIV?
Initial testing at 4-6 weeks post-exposure, with a confirmatory test at 12 weeks.
Does nonoccupational exposure require reporting?
In some cases, healthcare providers may report exposures as per national health guidelines.
Can PEP cause side effects?
Common side effects include nausea, fatigue, and headache, which are usually manageable.
Is PEP a substitute for regular HIV prevention?
No, PEP is for emergency use only; regular prevention methods like condoms or PrEP are recommended.
What if I'm unsure about the exposure risk?
Consult a healthcare provider for a thorough risk assessment and guidance.
Are support services available in Malaysia?
Yes, organizations like the Malaysian AIDS Council offer counseling and support.
How much does PEP cost in Malaysia?
Cost varies; subsidized or free PEP may be available through public healthcare channels.
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