Myxedema coma is a rare, life-threatening complication of severe, untreated hypothyroidism. Characterized by extreme metabolic slowdown, it presents with symptoms such as hypothermia, altered mental status, and multi-organ dysfunction, requiring immediate medical intervention.

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Myxedema Coma FAQ


What is myxedema coma?

A severe, life-threatening complication of untreated hypothyroidism, requiring emergency care.

What causes myxedema coma?

Prolonged, untreated hypothyroidism, often triggered by infection, trauma, or cold exposure.

What are common symptoms?

Hypothermia, confusion, seizures, slow reflexes, and respiratory failure.

How is it diagnosed?

Through blood tests showing extremely low thyroid hormone levels (TSH, free T4).

Is it treatable?

Yes, with immediate thyroid hormone replacement and supportive care in ICU.

Who is at risk?

Elderly, especially women, with a history of untreated hypothyroidism.

Can it be prevented?

Yes, by managing hypothyroidism with medication and regular check-ups.

What medications are used?

Intravenous levothyroxine and sometimes liothyronine.

How long is recovery?

Varies; some recover fully with prompt treatment, while others may have lingering effects.

Is surgery required?

No, treatment focuses on medication and supporting bodily functions.

Can it recur?

Yes, if underlying hypothyroidism is not adequately managed post-recovery.

What role does nutrition play?

Adequate nutrition supports recovery, but does not replace hormone treatment.

How is it different from regular hypothyroidism?

It's a severe, acute decompensation of chronic hypothyroidism.

Are there alternative treatments?

No, only conventional medical treatment is effective in acute cases.

What is the mortality rate?

High (up to 50-80%) if untreated; lower with prompt, proper care.

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