Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare is a type of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection that primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with advanced HIV/AIDS. It is characterized by disseminated disease impacting multiple organ systems.

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Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) Infection FAQ


What is Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection?

A bacterial infection caused by MAC, primarily affecting those with weakened immune systems.

How is MAC infection transmitted?

Inhalation of contaminated water droplets or soil particles, not person-to-person.

What are common symptoms of MAC infection?

Persistent fever, night sweats, weight loss, and respiratory issues.

Who is most at risk for MAC infection?

Individuals with HIV/AIDS, especially those with CD4+ cell counts below 50 cells/mm³.

How is MAC infection diagnosed?

Through blood cultures, sputum tests, or tissue biopsies.

What antibiotics treat MAC infection?

A combination of macrolides (e.g., clarithromycin) and rifamycins (e.g., rifampicin).

How long does MAC treatment typically last?

At least 6-12 months, depending on disease severity and patient response.

Can MAC infection be cured?

Yes, with appropriate antibiotic therapy and immune system support.

What happens if MAC goes untreated?

It can lead to severe, life-threatening complications, especially in immunocompromised patients.

Are there side effects to MAC medications?

Possible side effects include gastrointestinal issues, hearing loss (with aminoglycosides), and drug interactions.

How often should I follow up with my doctor during treatment?

Regularly, ideally every 2-4 weeks, to monitor treatment efficacy and side effects.

Can MAC recur after treatment?

Yes, particularly if the underlying immune deficiency persists.

Is there a vaccine for MAC infection?

No vaccine is currently available for MAC prevention.

How can I prevent MAC infection?

Avoid exposure to contaminated water/soil, and maintain good immune health through HIV treatment (if applicable).

Are natural remedies effective against MAC?

No, evidence-based antibiotic treatment is essential; natural remedies are not recommended as primary therapy.

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