Kidney stones are hard, crystalline mineral deposits that form inside the kidneys when urine contains high levels of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, or other substances. They can cause severe pain, nausea, and blood in urine.

Nephrolithiasis FAQ


What are the main causes of kidney stones?

Common causes include dehydration, diet high in salt, sugar, or oxalate, and genetic predisposition.

What are the symptoms of kidney stones?

Severe flank or abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, frequent urination, and blood in urine.

How are kidney stones diagnosed?

Through physical exam, urine analysis, blood tests, and imaging studies like CT scans or X-rays.

Can kidney stones be treated at home?

Small stones may pass with increased fluid intake and pain management.

What medications help with kidney stone pain?

Pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, and alpha-blockers to ease passage.

How long does it take to recover from kidney stones?

Recovery varies; most pass within 1-2 weeks with treatment.

What foods should I avoid with kidney stones?

Reduce sodium, oxalate-rich foods (nuts, spinach), and animal proteins.

Can I prevent kidney stones?

Yes, by staying hydrated, following a balanced diet, and managing underlying conditions.

When should I see a doctor for kidney stones?

If pain persists, you have a fever, or notice signs of infection.

What happens if kidney stones don't pass?

Surgical removal or lithotripsy may be necessary to prevent complications.

Are kidney stones common in Malaysia?

Yes, due to hot climate and dietary factors increasing dehydration risk.

Can kidney stones lead to other health issues?

Untreated stones can cause infections, kidney damage, or recurrent stones.

How do I know if I'm prone to kidney stones?

Family history, previous stones, or underlying conditions like gout increase risk.

What's the best way to stay hydrated in Malaysia?

Drink at least 2-3 liters of water daily, adjusting for activity and climate.

Can medication prevent kidney stones?

Yes, medications like potassium citrate can help reduce stone formation risk.

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