Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection FAQ
What is HIV infection?
HIV infection is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system by attacking CD4 cells.
How is HIV transmitted?
HIV spreads through bodily fluids like blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk via unprotected sex, sharing needles, or from mother to child.
What are early HIV symptoms?
Early symptoms may include fever, rash, sore throat, and fatigue, often mistaken for the flu, appearing 2-4 weeks post-infection.
Is HIV curable?
Currently, no cure exists for HIV, but antiretroviral therapy (ART) can manage the virus, allowing individuals to live long, healthy lives.
What is antiretroviral therapy (ART)?
ART is a combination of medications that suppress the virus, slowing disease progression and reducing transmission risk.
How often should HIV testing be done?
High-risk individuals should test every 3-6 months; others annually, or after potential exposure, as recommended by Malaysian health guidelines.
Can HIV be transmitted through kissing?
No, HIV cannot be transmitted through kissing, as saliva doesn't contain enough virus to spread the infection.
What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?
HIV is the virus, while AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection, characterized by severe immune system damage.
Are there any HIV vaccines available?
As of now, no effective HIV vaccine exists, but research and clinical trials continue globally, including in Malaysia.
How does HIV affect the immune system?
HIV targets and gradually destroys CD4 cells, which are crucial for the immune system's response to infections.
Can HIV be transmitted from mosquitoes?
No, mosquitoes do not transmit HIV, as they do not inject blood back into the body during a bite.
What is pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)?
PrEP involves taking daily medication (e.g., Truvada) to prevent HIV infection in high-risk individuals, available in Malaysia with a prescription.
How does Malaysia support HIV patients?
Malaysia offers free or subsidized ART through public healthcare, along with counseling and support programs.
Can people with HIV lead normal lives?
Yes, with consistent ART adherence, individuals can manage symptoms, reduce transmission risk, and enjoy a good quality of life.
What are the late-stage HIV symptoms?
Late symptoms may include weight loss, chronic diarrhea, and opportunistic infections due to a severely weakened immune system.
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