Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Disease) FAQ
What causes Dracunculiasis?
It's caused by drinking water contaminated with copepods (water fleas) infected with Guinea worm larvae.
How is Dracunculiasis diagnosed?
Diagnosis is typically made by observing the emerging worm or through microscopic examination of the fluid from the blister.
Is Dracunculiasis contagious?
No, it's not directly contagious from person to person; transmission occurs via contaminated water sources.
What are the primary symptoms?
Severe abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, and a blister or sore on the skin, usually on the legs or feet.
How long does the Guinea worm live in the human body?
The worm typically matures and emerges from the skin approximately 12-14 months after infection.
Can Dracunculiasis be prevented?
Yes, by avoiding drinking untreated water and using filters or boiling water in endemic areas.
Is there a vaccine for Dracunculiasis?
No vaccine exists; prevention relies on access to clean water and education.
How is the condition treated?
Treatment involves carefully extracting the worm, wound care, and administration of pain relief and antibiotics to prevent infection.
Are there medications to kill the Guinea worm?
No specific antiparasitic medication is effective; extraction is the primary method.
What complications can arise from Dracunculiasis?
Infection, tetanus, and long-term disability due to joint contractures or chronic pain.
Where is Dracunculiasis most commonly found?
Historically endemic in Africa, though global eradication efforts have significantly reduced cases.
How does climate affect transmission?
Warm climates with stagnant water sources facilitate the breeding of copepods that host the larvae.
Can the worm break inside the body?
Yes, if the worm breaks during extraction, it can lead to severe inflammation and increased risk of infection.
What role does hygiene play in prevention?
Proper hygiene, especially avoiding contamination of water sources, is crucial to prevention.
Is Dracunculiasis eradicated in Malaysia?
Yes, Malaysia is not considered endemic; active cases are extremely rare or non-existent due to public health measures.
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