Anal Neoplasm FAQ
What causes anal cancer?
Anal cancer is primarily linked to persistent infections with high-risk HPV strains and weakened immune systems.
Is anal cancer common in Malaysia?
Anal cancer is relatively rare in Malaysia compared to other cancers, with limited local statistics.
What are early signs of anal cancer?
Early signs include rectal bleeding, pain, itching, or noticeable lumps around the anal area.
How is anal cancer diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves physical exams, biopsy of suspicious growths, and imaging tests like MRI or CT scans.
What is the main treatment for anal cancer?
Primary treatment includes chemotherapy and radiation therapy (chemoradiation), often avoiding surgery.
Can anal cancer be cured?
Early-stage anal cancer is highly treatable and potentially curable with timely intervention.
Does HPV vaccine prevent anal cancer?
The HPV vaccine helps reduce risk by protecting against HPV strains linked to anal cancer.
What increases anal cancer risk?
Risk factors include HPV infection, HIV/AIDS, smoking, and a history of anal warts.
Is anal cancer contagious?
No, anal cancer itself isn't contagious, but HPV, a contributing factor, can be transmitted.
How can I lower my risk of anal cancer?
Reducing risk involves HPV vaccination, safe sex practices, smoking cessation, and regular screenings.
What happens if anal cancer spreads?
Metastatic anal cancer may require more aggressive treatments, including targeted therapy or immunotherapy.
Can anal cancer return after treatment?
Recurrence is possible; regular follow-ups are crucial for early detection of recurrent cancer.
Are there support groups for anal cancer patients in Malaysia?
Support is available through local and international cancer organizations and online communities.
How does anal cancer treatment affect quality of life?
Treatment side effects vary; managing them helps maintain quality of life during and after therapy.
Is surgery always necessary for anal cancer?
Surgery is often reserved for recurrent or persistent cancer after primary chemoradiation treatment.
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