Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) FAQ
What is Onchocerciasis?
A parasitic disease caused by Onchocerca volvulus, transmitted by blackflies, leading to skin and eye issues.
Is River Blindness common in Malaysia?
Rare; primarily endemic in African and some Latin American countries, with no known indigenous cases in Malaysia.
What are common symptoms?
Severe itching, skin nodules, lesions, and vision problems, including blindness if untreated.
How is Onchocerciasis diagnosed?
Through skin snip tests, blood tests, or eye examinations to identify microfilariae or adult worms.
What medication treats River Blindness?
Ivermectin (Mectizan) is the primary treatment, often provided free in endemic areas.
Is there a cure for Onchocerciasis?
Yes, Ivermectin effectively kills microfilariae, reducing symptoms and preventing blindness.
Can Ivermectin prevent Onchocerciasis?
No, it treats existing infections but doesn’t prevent new ones; avoidance of blackfly bites is crucial.
Are there side effects of Ivermectin?
Mild reactions like fever or headache may occur, especially during initial treatment.
How long is the treatment duration?
Typically annual or semi-annual doses for 10-15 years to manage the infection.
Can River Blindness be transmitted person-to-person?
No, it requires a blackfly vector for transmission.
What preventive measures are effective?
Wearing protective clothing, applying insecticides, and avoiding blackfly habitats.
Is there a vaccine available?
No vaccine exists; prevention relies on vector control and protective measures.
Can Onchocerciasis lead to permanent blindness?
Yes, if left untreated, it is a leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide.
How does climate affect Onchocerciasis transmission?
Thrives in tropical, sub-Saharan African climates near slow-moving rivers.
What role does community treatment play?
Mass drug administration (MDA) with Ivermectin helps control and eliminate the disease in endemic areas.
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