Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome FAQ
What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS, which is the final stage of HIV infection characterized by severe immune system damage.
How is HIV transmitted in Malaysia?
Primarily through unprotected sex, sharing needles, mother-to-child transmission, and blood transfusions (though rare due to screening).
What are the early symptoms of HIV?
Flu-like symptoms (fever, rash, sore throat) 2-4 weeks post-infection, often mistaken for the flu.
Is there a cure for HIV/AIDS?
Currently, no cure exists, but antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively manages the virus, preventing progression to AIDS.
How often should I take HIV medication?
ART typically requires daily adherence to suppress the virus and prevent drug resistance.
Can people with HIV live normal lives in Malaysia?
Yes, with consistent ART, a balanced lifestyle, and regular medical care, individuals can lead long, healthy lives.
What are CD4 cells, and why are they important?
CD4 cells (T-cells) are crucial for immune response; HIV targets and depletes them, weakening the immune system.
How is HIV diagnosed in Malaysia?
Through blood tests detecting HIV antibodies, antigens, or viral genetic material (e.g., PCR tests).
Can HIV be transmitted through casual contact?
No, HIV cannot be spread through hugs, kisses, or sharing utensils; only through specific body fluids.
What is the role of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Malaysia?
PrEP is a daily medication for high-risk individuals to prevent HIV infection before exposure.
How does antiretroviral therapy (ART) work?
ART combines drugs to suppress HIV replication, reducing viral load and slowing disease progression.
Is HIV treatment free in Malaysia?
Malaysia offers subsidized ART through public healthcare facilities, with some costs applicable in private sectors.
Can HIV-positive individuals travel to Malaysia?
Yes, but declaring HIV status is mandatory; certain restrictions may apply for long-term stays or work permits.
What is the current HIV prevalence in Malaysia?
Approximately .1% of the adult population (aged 15-64) lives with HIV, as per recent national health reports.
How can I protect myself from HIV?
Practice safe sex, use sterile needles, and consider PrEP if high-risk; get tested regularly.
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