Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection in Immunocompromised Individuals FAQ
What triggers mucocutaneous HSV in immunocompromised individuals?
Weakened immunity from HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy, or organ transplants increases susceptibility to severe HSV outbreaks.
How is mucocutaneous HSV diagnosed?
Through viral culture, PCR testing, or antibody detection in blood or lesion samples.
Can antiviral medications cure mucocutaneous HSV?
Antivirals manage symptoms and reduce transmission but do not cure the infection.
What is the recommended treatment duration?
Typically 5-10 days, but immunocompromised patients may require longer or suppressive therapy.
How to prevent transmission?
Avoid direct contact with lesions, practice good hygiene, and use condoms to reduce risk.
Are there any vaccines available?
Currently, no vaccines are available for HSV, but research is ongoing.
Can HSV infections worsen other conditions?
Yes, HSV can exacerbate HIV infection and increase HIV transmission risk.
What are common complications?
Bacterial superinfections, encephalitis, or disseminated HSV in severely immunocompromised individuals.
How to manage recurrent outbreaks?
Suppressive antiviral therapy may reduce frequency and severity of recurrences.
Is treatment different for oral vs. genital HSV?
Treatment principles are similar, but medication dosages may vary based on infection site.
Can immunocompromised patients develop resistance?
Yes, prolonged or inadequate antiviral use can lead to drug-resistant HSV strains.
What is the role of topical treatments?
Topical acyclovir creams may provide symptomatic relief but are less effective than oral/systemic therapies.
How to support the immune system?
Maintain a balanced diet, stay hydrated, and manage stress to help immune function.
When to seek emergency care?
If experiencing severe symptoms, difficulty swallowing, or signs of encephalitis (e.g., fever, headache, confusion).
Are support groups available in Malaysia?
Yes, organizations like the Malaysian AIDS Council offer support for individuals with HSV and HIV co-infection.
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