Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) FAQ
What causes Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia?
APL is primarily caused by a genetic mutation (t(15;17)) that disrupts normal blood cell development.
Is APL contagious?
No, APL is not contagious; it develops from genetic mutations within the body.
What are common symptoms of APL?
Symptoms include fatigue, bleeding disorders, fever, and bone pain due to low platelets and blood cell abnormalities.
How is APL diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and genetic testing to identify the PML-RARA fusion gene.
What is the first-line treatment for APL?
Standard treatment includes ATRA and arsenic trioxide, often combined with chemotherapy.
Can APL be cured?
Yes, APL has a high cure rate if treated promptly with targeted therapies like ATRA and arsenic trioxide.
What role does arsenic trioxide play in APL treatment?
Arsenic trioxide (Trisenox) promotes cancer cell death and is highly effective in treating APL, especially in refractory cases.
How long is the treatment duration for APL?
Treatment typically lasts several months, including induction and consolidation phases.
Are there side effects of APL treatment?
Yes, treatments can cause nausea, hair loss, and increased infection risk due to immunosuppression.
Can APL recur after treatment?
Yes, although rare with proper treatment, relapse is possible, requiring close monitoring.
Is stem cell transplant used for APL?
Stem cell transplant may be considered for high-risk or relapsed cases, but is not first-line therapy.
How does APL affect quality of life?
With effective treatment, many patients achieve long-term remission, resuming normal activities.
Are there clinical trials for APL in Malaysia?
Patients may participate in international or local clinical trials; consult an oncologist for options.
Can APL be managed with medication alone?
In some cases, targeted therapies (e.g., ATRA, arsenic trioxide) may suffice, but chemotherapy is often included.
What support is available for APL patients in Malaysia?
Support groups and counseling services are available through Malaysian healthcare providers and cancer organizations.
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